Chemistry+matter

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How does density have anything to do with atoms?
/ =Atoms are...= =Everything in the universe is made up of atoms.= =Each atom has a neutron, electron, and proton.=

A neutron or proton have never been seen alone they are always part of a nucleus. - Reis :)
/ Not exactly true. Can someone find out more? / =On the periodic table the number above the element symbol is the atomic number of that atom also the number below is the atomic mass.= =The amount of protons and electrons of an element is whatever the atomic number is.= =To get the amount of neutrons is by simply subtracting the mass from the atomic number.= =For instance, Iron has 26 protons, 26 electrons and 30 neutrons. Since it is in the 4th period it will have 4 orbitals. In the first orbital it will have 2 electrons, in the second orbital and it will have 8 electrons, and is the same with the third orbital, and finally in the fourth orbital it has 8 electrons.=

The Periodic Table of the Elements-
[|https://www.msu.edu/~zeluffjo/elementscompounds.html] -Franni Day put one on that shows up (:


 * This P-Table isn't showing up on my browser, can someone find another one that will work?**
 * This P-Table isn't showing up on my browser, can someone find another one that will work?**

Cedeno Family periodic table song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-hPcDeBY64 I found a song on the periodic table http://www.youtube.com/v/lhilwBnniBk&hl=en&fs=1 Click Here for a copy of the Periodic Table of the Elements [| CHEM Periodic Table]The Periodic Table has 7 periods and 18 groupsThe farther down you go in periods the rarer the elements become.

__Periods__-
The periods run horizontally and tell how many electrons can be in that orbital by the number of elements. Has 7 periods. The 9 blank spaces in the 7th period are beleived to be elements but have not been discovered. The more periods you go down the more orbitals you will have. __**Lanthanide**__ series and __**Actinide**__ series are all man-made Elements

__Groups-__
There are 18 groups in the Periodic Table. The first group and 17th group are highly reactive. Groups are also known as families, they are vertical colums containing chemical elements. The name family comes from the fact that the elements share similar characteristics and traits.

__Alkali Metals__- Alkali earth metals are located in the 1st group of the periodic table. The earth metals are Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, and Francium. They are all very reactive and do not occur freely in nature. As well as metals alkali metals are malleable, ductile, and and great conductors of electricity and heat. Alkali earth metals can explode if exposed to water. Metals are harder than alkali earth metals. These metals have only one electron in their outer shell. Therefore, they are ready to lose that one electron in ionic bonding with other elements. Cesium and francium are the most reactive elements in this group. Sodium, an alkali metal is highly reactive in water and is a big part of salt. Also Sodium is a silvery white color

__Alkaline Earth Metals__- There are six Alkaline Earth metals. The Alkaline Earth metals are Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, and Radium. All these elements are located in the second group or family. Also they all dencer, harder, and higher melting points than the Alkali metals. All alkaline earth elements have an oxidation number of +2, making them very reactive. Because of their reactivity, the alkaline metals are not found free in nature.

__Noble Gases__- There are six noble gases and they are Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon. These noble gases will rarely combine with other elements. They are found in the 18th group or family. These were considered inert gases until the 1960's. All noble gases have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell (2 for Helium, 8 for all others), making them stable.

__Halogens__-The 17th group is Halogens there are 5 of them, Fluorine, Chluorine, Bromine, Iodine, and Astatine, they are highly reactive and are non-metals. Halogen means salt former and compounds containing halogens are called salts. All halogens have 7 electrons in there outer shell, giving them an oxidation number of -1. The halogens exist in room temperature in all three states of matter. http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/transition.html

Metals-
All metals are maleable (bend) and they luster (shine). They also have low melting points and conduct electricity. Most of the elements in the periodic table of elements are metals. Iron Cobalt and Nickel are all magnetic.

Transitional Metals-
The 38 elements in groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table are called "transition metals". As with all metals, the transition elements are both ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat. Transition metals are valent electrons, or the electrons they use to combine with other elements, are present in more than one shell. This is the reason why they often exhibit several common oxidation states. Iron, cobalt, and nickel, and they are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field. Information from http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/transition.html

Non-Metals-
Non-Metals are usually brittle. Non metals are in the groups 1, 14-18, on the Periodic Table of Elements. They don't conduct heat or electricity well. Non-Metals can be found in two forms, gases, and solids. They dont reflect any light. They have oxidation numbers of +4,-3, and -2. The most common Non-Metals are Hydrogen,Carbon, Nitrogen,Oxygen, Phosphorus,Sulfur, and Selenium! http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/nonmetals.html

Metalloids/Semi-metals-
A Metaloid or Semi-Metal is any element that has traits of both Metals and Non- metals ex:Boron is Brittle (Shaters) and has Luster (Shiny)

=__Miscellaneous Related Topics__=
 * Ions-** An ion is an atom that has either more or less electrons than usual which gives them a positive of negative charge. A normal atom is called a neutral atom. A simple understanding of positive and negative will help you predict the chemical formula of most acids, bases, and salts. To get an ion you must add or subtract an electron.


 * Isotope-** An isotope is an atom that is unstable because of a neutron is added or taken away. It is very unstable and can be used in bomb and nuclear power plants. If the unstable atom splits, (in a process called fission) it may become radioactive and the radioactivity can kill most cells and mutate the very, very few others. to get an isotope you must add or subtract a neutron.
 * pure substances**- all atoms/ molecules are the same there two types of pure substances **__elements__** and **__compounds__.**
 * Compounds** - Elements such as Hydrogen and Oxygen can be combined to make water, the same goes with any other element used on the periodic table.
 * elements**- all the same atoms


 * Mixtures** - A homogeneous mixture is when two or more molecules are combined two make a Solution. The reason Homogeneous mixtures are classified as mixtures is because the components of the mixture is not proportional. All solutions have at least one solvent one or more elements.there are two types __**alloys**__ and **__solutions.__**


 * alloys-** are mixtures of metals EX**.** steel.

-**sloute**- gets dissolved __Is there really two TYPES?//__
 * solutions-** there two types of solutions -**solvents**- it dose the dissolving.


 * homogeneous -**same all over
 * heterogenous**- differeent all over

example - breaking, freezing, melting, boiling, condense, and subline"
 * physical change-** "form may change but the molecules do not
 * mostly reversable

example - burning and electrolocis
 * chemical change-** "molecules form new substances
 * the new substance has traits that the original substance doesn't have.


 * "happy" atom = when it's orbitals are full of electrons**

weak conduct example - Na Cl Be O
 * ionic-** gain or lose
 * between metals and non-metals**

strong do not conduct example- H2O Ch4 HCl
 * covalent**- sharing and caring
 * between non-metals**
 * note- triple bonds are the largest bonds possible with another atom**


 * this is from Mr. Casey's wonderful notes(:**

I HAD TO ADD THIS CREATION: Be SK e PTiCAl, BU t K ee P a N OP e N m INd!
Using his six free letters, Tyler Nelson-Hall wrote this using the elemental symbols for...Beryllium, Sulfur, Potassium, Titanium, Carbon, Aluminum, Boron, Uranium, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Iodine, and Neodymium!

** Picture given by:[|Casey Home] **Should we have this here at all? UGLY!**
== **IMPORTANT: Atoms are never created or destroyed, for example, if I push Mr. Casey and he falls down the stairs he'd be death from blood loss and at night coyotes will come and eat him, so his atoms will be transfered to the cootes, but then one of the coyotes that ate him gets ran over by a car and vulters come and eat the coyote so now, the coyote and Mr. Casey's atoms are in the vulters. ~Maria Barajas :D** ==